This short article publishes the fresh new AMS 14 C dates out-of 13 ponies prior to now assigned to brand new Migration several months, and the osteometric investigation and age of horses discover when you look at the Lithuanian cemeteries of one’s 3rd–14th C Ad, more than 200 individuals as a whole. The analysis results corrected the present chronology of the burials, in addition to osteometric investigation let a unique review off if the ponies on the Migration several months are indeed outstanding in size in the the framework away from Lithuanian ponies throughout the 3rd to help you 14th C Offer. The plentiful research plus welcome an evaluation of your own development of the size and style and you may chronilogical age of the horses inside the Lithuania involving the third and you can 14th C Post.
dos.step one. Zooarchaeological Data
Almost 400 pony skeletal stays utilized in Lithuanian burial internet sites out-of the 3rd–14th C Ad have been analyzed ( Contour step 1 ); although not, on account of poor conservation, simply more two hundred people were suitable for then proportions and you will age studies. The brand new burial internet sites have been split up into around three chronological groups. All in all, 21 people from 6 burial sites were assigned toward Later Roman–post-Migration months (3rd–seventh C Ad); 13 ponies from this period had been myself AMS fourteen C-old. They were people chosen for the 87 Sr/ 86 Sr study, the results at which is actually wrote into the yet another guide . So you can separate ranging from horses (Equus caballus), donkeys (Equus asinus), and you will mules, the methodology described of the Johnstone was implemented.
Venue out of web sites stated from the text message: 1-Paduobe-Saltaliune III, 2-Pagrybis, 3-Pavajuonis-Rekuciai, 4-Plinkaigalis, 5-Taurapilis, 6-Marvele, 7-Degsne-Labotiskes, 8-Jaksiskis, 9-Kretuonai, 10-Salakas, 11-Varliskes, 12-Obeliai, 13-Pakalniskiai, 14-Masteikiai, 15-Kernave, 16-Memelburg (Klaipeda), 17-Vilnius.
2. Procedure and methods
Several, except for seven anybody, was based in the Marvele burial webpages in the central Lithuania. Evaluation of your own archaeological context plus the grave services and products allows in order to grow matchmaking of some of one’s burials towards the twelfth C Offer. Therefore, the brand new certified stop of Viking several months (1066) has not been taken into account, each other by calculate matchmaking ones burial web sites and you will of the historical and archaeological context: no significant break in a brief history of Lithuania until the business of state in the 13th C Ad is observed.
Ponies away from around three burial internet going back the latest thirteen–14th C Offer have been assigned to brand new gothic months. In this situation, a few of the burials might actually day toward twelfth C Advertisement but they are tough to differentiate from the after of those. The newest medieval horse classification plus included skeleton out of ponies of https://datingmentor.org/couples-dating a couple castles and something town of the newest 13–14th C Offer: twenty-five metatarsals and you can metacarpals was basically chose out of Kernave medieval city, 9 throughout the Vilnius Lower castle, and 8 away from Memelburg, brand new castle of your Teutonic Order, present-go out Klaipeda. I’ve included ponies about payment internet sites to render because the goal a picture of medieval horses as possible, oriented not merely on people from typical burial sites but plus out-of contexts associated with the higher social strata (Vilnius, Kernave) and the Purchase. Altogether, brand new stays out-of 92 people were checked out regarding the gothic period. In this browse, skeletal stays of the many Lithuanian horses recognized to the new article authors away from 3rd–14th C Advertisement burial sites was indeed checked out.
Some of the horse skeletons was in fact improperly preserved and you can the incorrect to have osteometric study, and so the number of individuals varied when it comes to examination of their age and you will level. Age the fresh horses was estimated by enamel eruption , don of the incisors, and also the level of your own premolars and you may molars . Combination period of the epiphyses has also been employed for age investigations. Withers top try projected out of a lot of time bones measurements with the corrected coefficients from Kiesewalter [34,35]. Horses was indeed categorized considering Brauner’s metacarpal and you may metatarsal slenderness directory group . Measurements according to von den Driesh were made playing with an enthusiastic osteometric board and you may a digital caliper which have a precision out of 0.01 cm. Horse skeletons was in fact sexed based on the visibility regarding your dog pearly whites inside male ponies over 4–5 years of age. not, oftentimes, gender of one’s creature couldn’t be calculated because of destroyed bones. Long bone specifications, sex, additionally the ages of every person are supplied inside the Tables S1–S4. To check on getting advantages, i used an excellent t-test. Reviewed horses’ remains was kept in the newest Zooarchaeological Repository regarding Vilnius College or university, Faculty of history. Horse of Varliskes was kept in Kernave Museum, and you may horse skeletons out of Paduobe-Saltaliune III and Salakas try stored in Federal Art gallery of Lithuania.